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Projects: Projects for Investigator
Reference Number NE/I002537/1
Title Biomass energy - optimising its contribution to poverty reduction and ecosystem services
Status Completed
Energy Categories Renewable Energy Sources(Bio-Energy, Other bio-energy) 15%;
Renewable Energy Sources(Bio-Energy) 50%;
Renewable Energy Sources(Bio-Energy, Applications for heat and electricity) 15%;
Renewable Energy Sources(Bio-Energy, Production of other biomass-derived fuels (incl. Production from wastes)) 10%;
Renewable Energy Sources(Bio-Energy, Production of transport biofuels (incl. Production from wastes)) 10%;
Research Types Basic and strategic applied research 100%
Science and Technology Fields SOCIAL SCIENCES (Economics and Econometrics) 20%;
SOCIAL SCIENCES (Politics and International Studies) 20%;
SOCIAL SCIENCES (Development Studies) 30%;
BIOLOGICAL AND AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES (Biological Sciences) 30%;
UKERC Cross Cutting Characterisation Sociological economical and environmental impact of energy (Policy and regulation) 50%;
Sociological economical and environmental impact of energy (Consumer attitudes and behaviour) 10%;
Sociological economical and environmental impact of energy (Technology acceptance) 10%;
Sociological economical and environmental impact of energy (Other sociological economical and environmental impact of energy) 30%;
Principal Investigator Dr DJ (Duncan ) Macqueen
No email address given
Natural Resources Group
International Institute for Environment and Development
Award Type Standard
Funding Source NERC
Start Date 01 July 2010
End Date 31 October 2010
Duration 4 months
Total Grant Value £43,947
Industrial Sectors No relevance to Underpinning Sectors; Transport Systems and Vehicles
Region London
Programme Biodiversity, Environmental Risks and Hazards,Global Change, Natural Resource Management, Pollution and Waste
 
Investigators Principal Investigator Dr DJ (Duncan ) Macqueen , Natural Resources Group, International Institute for Environment and Development (99.991%)
  Other Investigator Mr S (Steven ) Hunt , Practical Action (0.001%)
Dr AJ (Alan ) Bond , Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia (0.001%)
Dr J (Jonathan ) Finch , Process Hydrology, NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH) (0.001%)
Dr R (Richard ) Tipper , Ecometrica (0.001%)
Dr GM (Goetz ) Richter , Sustainable Soils and Grassland Systems Department, Rothamsted Research (0.001%)
Dr A (Angela ) Karp , Agro-Ecology, Rothamsted Research (0.001%)
Dr E (Ewan ) Bloomfield , Programmes and Policy, Practical Action (0.001%)
Dr EC (Emma ) Wilson , Natural Resources Group, International Institute for Environment and Development (0.001%)
Ms M (Maryanne ) Grieg-Gran , Sustainable Markets Group, International Institute for Environment and Development (0.001%)
Web Site
Objectives This proposal targets ESPA's forest theme, where the expected outcome is “enhanced contribution of forest ecosystem services to poor people's livelihoods and sustainable growth processes in the context of environmental and climate change”. The overarching objective of this proposal is to develop a world class interdisciplinary South-South-North research partnership andstrategy that r eshapes the impact of a predicted large-scale expansion in global biomass energy use towards greater poverty reduction and maintenance of ecosystem services in developing countries. In order of priority the subsidiary objectives are as follows:
  1. develop a relevant conceptual framework - by organizing a South-South-North participatory planning meeting to refine a conceptual framewo rk with clear evidence of demand, indicators of success and monitoring, reporting and verification processes. A participatory process in Southern partner countries prior to a three day planning meeting will refine the legitimacy of objectives and indicators of success along with research inputs.;
  2. establish sound technological and economic projections as a baseline for promoting impact - by gathering evidence on the technological and economic projections for biomass energy in order to identify where impacts on poverty and ecosystem services are likely to be greatest (both positive and negative). For example, we will collate agro-ecological and socio-economic data from India, Kenya and Malawi looking at both domestic biomass energy options for cooking, heat and even electricity ge nera ti on and industrial opportunities for gaseous, liquid fuels and electricity generation;
  3. develop research plans, analysis tools and procedures - by identifying and drawing together leadership teams that will explore together how to quantify and assess possible transitions towards greater biomass energy use - and how to use results to optimize impacts on poverty and ecosystem ser vi c es. This will be done in India, Kenya and Malawi, chosen on account of current energy-forest pressure, experience of approaches to address this, and the desire for geographical spread to improve relevance of findings. A sufficient range of disciplinary expertise will join in specific partnerships to model biomass crop dynamics and assess different impact categories such as: multi-faceted povert y, carbon sequestration, biodiversity and ecosystem resilience, watershed dynamics and flows, landscape beauty;
  4. identify in partner countries specific political change agents, communications strategies and impact plans - by working with visiting researchers from India, Kenya and Malawi to understand not only the scale of biomass use, but also the social and political economy of decision m aking in particular contexts and the pathways by which a transition towards biomass energy provision could occur that contributes most to poverty reduction and ecosystem services;
  5. evaluate innovative business and value chain models to test transition options towards increase biomass energy use - by collecting data, employing analytical tools and developingconceptual optimization models to evaluate in India, Kenya and Malawi the structures that govern, or might govern, woody biomass energy. We will consider quantitative models for bioenegy crops to improve yields and reduce food competition, community dynamics in biomass production, best-bet business models and a range of policy incentives.
  6. develop a full ESPA proposal with a strategy tofill knowledge and capacity ga ps - by working together in an equitable North-South-South partnership that involves appropriate appropriate mentorship, training and other strategies to build capacity-through-involvement. The ultimate end-point will be clear policy recommendations about which transition pathways should be pursued in search of poverty reduction and conserved ecosystem services.
Abstract Biomass energy makes up 77% of the world primary renewable energy mix - or 10% of the total world energy mix (3% in OECD and 22% in non-OECD countries). As a major and increasing component of land use, biomass energy systems therefore have significant impacts on both ecosystem services and poverty.In the North, emerging opportunities for energy security through biomass are being developed fast. In the South, biomass energy is often viewed as ‘inefficient and non-commercial’, ‘a health hazard’, ‘a cause of deforestation’ or ‘a poverty trap’, often legislated to be ‘illegal’ as a result.

Yet for many Southern countries forestry is primarily an energy business in volume and value terms, not a timber business and at adomestic level it dominates energy supply (>80% in most non-OECD countries). While a substantial proportion of biomass energy is burnt directly for domestic heat and cooking, especially in the South, there are also various conversion routes towards other forms of energy such as transferable heat, electricity, liquid biofuels or gases, developed primarily in the North. As a result of these advances in conversion technology, many of which are in commercial ornearcommercial stage of development, the International Energy Agencies latest predictions suggest that biomass energy is likely to make up one third of the total world energy mix by 2050. Much of this will be ‘efficient’, ‘clean’, ‘sustainable and near carbon-neutral’ comprising ‘decent green jobs’.

Clearly it is how the transition toward biomass energy takes place that will be decisive for its impacts (e.g. on health through the Products of Incomplete Combustion, poverty reduction, climate change mitigation, biodiversity conservation, watersheds and water availability etc). In order for increasing biomass energy use to have positive impacts on poverty reduction and ecosystem services, innovative interdisciplinary research is needed to map out transition pathways that optimize these impacts.

This project aims to develop, through its six objectives, a North-South-South partnershipand project to reshape the impact of a predicted large-scale expansion in global biomass energy use towards greater poverty reduction and maintenance ofecosystem servicesin developing countries. The consortium of partners represents leading biomass energy researchers from multiple disciplines. Together, a conceptual framework on biomass energy will be designed with clear indicators for 'reshaping' impacts on poverty reduction and ecosystem services. For example, in assessing the impact of future biomass energy use we will explore multi-disciplinary indicators andsupply and demand factors: resource carrying capacities, demand by most needy for energy, security in accessand supply, impact on food security, impact on land and resource rights, decency of work in its provision, broader social contributions, impact on ecosystem services (carbon, biodiversity and resilience, watersheds,landscape beauty) and enhancement of cultural identity. At a planning meeting, this framework and evidence of technological and economic projections for biomass energy will be discussed.

Leaderships teams will form to develop research plans, analysis tools and procedures both for assessing biomass energy developments themselves, and for conducting poverty impact assessments and evaluations of carbon, biodiversity and watershed ecosystem sustainability. Visiting researchers (from India, Kenya and Malawi) will help design appropriate research, communication and impact strategies for theirdifferent contexts. Innovative business and value chain models will be analysed to test the impact of different options for transition towards increasing biomass use. Policy analyses will be formulated so that research findings can be targetted towards changing particular policies and institutional practices.
Publications (none)
Final Report (none)
Added to Database 11/10/10