Results:

This workshop was the first in a series of technical workshops under the Energy Systems Modelling Theme (ESMT) of the UKERC. The overall goal of these workshops is to enhance the links between UK energy modelling practitioners, and to learn about different methodologies and analytical techniques. The specific goals of this 1 st ESMT workshop on transport modelling was to bring together energy-economic and transport modellers to learn about each others models, their synergies, and to develop potential collaborations in terms of data, insights and projects. The envisaged workshop outputs were:

• An understanding and typology of various energy/transport models
• Opportunities for sharing data and insights
• Opportunities for collaborative ventures

• What we do
• The areas we work in
• The outcomes
• Commercially available products
• Who we have worked with

This document is the final report for the project titled 'Barriers to Commissioning Renewable Energy Projects'.

In June 2005 Land Use Consultants, in association with IT Power, were commissioned by Future Energy Solutions on behalf of the Renewables Advisory Board (RAB) to undertake research into factors delaying the commissioning of renewable energy projects in the post-planning approval phase. The research will inform future policy and practice necessary to meet the Government's target of 10% of our electricity needs from renewable sources by 2010.

The research focuses on barriers to commissioning onshore wind projects, given the potential for this resource to contribute to meeting the 2010 target. It also addresses offshore wind, biomass and hydro projects.

As per the brief set for the research, the methodology centred on statistical analysis to understand the extent of delays, and consultation with industry representatives to understand the causes of these delays. Twenty-four renewable energy developers and related organisations and eight financial institutions contributed to the research either by returning questionnaires or taking part in telephone interviews or focus groups, during the period June to September 2005. Questionnaire returns represent 58% of total approved megawatts (MW) of renewable energy capacity.

1. Introduction
2. Objectives and methodology
3. Delays in the post-planning period: the scale of the problem
4. Factors delaying commissioning of onshore wind schemes
5. Factors delaying commissioning of offshore wind schemes
6. Factors delaying commissioning of hydro schemes
7. Factors delaying commissioning of biomass schemes
8. Investor feedback summary
9. Future trends & prospects
10. Recommendations

This Meeting Report gives an overview of the 'Breaking the Deadlock in Climate�Change Communication' event, which was held on�12 March 2014 at the Church House Conference Centre.

• To address the needs and requirements from a broad range of stakeholders in the national retrofit process
• To formulate a preliminary hierarchy of value of 'home thermal efficiency' for stakeholders
• To understand the various barriers and obstacles to the success of a national retrofit implementation plan
• To capture views from the participants and propose a strategy for capturing responses from other under-represented groups.
• To translate the outputs of the workshop into a framework for future deliverables to use as measures of success

This document is a report for the project titled 'Capacity Ten-Seven'.

Project Capacity Ten-Seven sought to bring together leading UK industrial expertise in the required disciplines to "define the parameters for the design of a new solar cell process plant with a capacity about 10MWp per annum and establish the optimum substrate size, cell configuration and junction structure and include the necessary research to confirm that these key characteristics are suited to high volume low cost production."

The project objectives were addressed through six interrelated technical work. Activities each with its own sub-objective and work plans. These were:

1. Fundamental Studies
2. Front Contact Deposition
3. Semiconductor Deposition
4. Rear Contact Deposition
5. Cell Isolation
6. Initial Design Study

The project achieved its overall goal of positioning ICP Solar UK to proceed with detailed design of a Capacity Ten-Seven production facility that will meet with future expansion plans.

The objectives of this workshop were to:

1. Facilitate discussion, debate and information-sharing on the potential role that clean coal technologies, in particular Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) could play in developing a secure and sustainable European energy system.
2. To identify potential challenges in implementing CCS and how it could fit in with other low carbon, clean energy sources
3. Formulate recommendations for stimulating future opportunities in CCS in Central and Eastern Europe Countries.

This UKERC Meeting Place seminar, co-sponsored by the Sustainable Development Commission and the Department for Food, Environment and Rural Affairs, aimed to achieve three outcomes:

• a consensus on what carbon neutrality means, its validity as a concept, and whether there are different definitions which might apply to operations, plans and policies;
• a consensus on the use of carbon offsetting, if and when it is justified, and what constitutes a viable and sustainable carbon offset;
• a consensus on what steps need to be taken, by the UK Government, the Devolved Administrations and/or the private sector, to ensure that commitments and pledges on carbon neutrality (including the use of carbon offsets) are applied in a way which is robust and compatible with the UKs commitment to sustainable development.

The event set out to engage a multi-di

The aims of this the workshop were:

• To prioritise research activity and overcome the gaps in knowledge in bioenergy
• To influence research funding strategies in energy research.
• To encourage closer collaboration between academic research groups and technology developers
• To seek funding for collaborative research from Research Councils, DTI, DEFRA, Carbon Trust EU, etc.
• To establish partnerships with the outside the existing bioenergy research community
• Create the Research Roadmap for bioenergy to 2020 and 2050.

The following points emerged as the most important:

• There needs to be a link between physical modelling of devices and biological models or data sets
• The impact on sea-mammals, birds and fish should be urgently addressed
• Any Environmental Monitoring should be in 3 stages: before, during and after device installation, and each stage should ideally take place over at least 12 months to take into account seasonal effects. Time is not on the device developer’s side
• There is very little data available on the movement of birds and sea mammals, and nothing can be ascertained about their interactions with devices until in situ data/observations are made (e.g. at EMEC)
• Continuous monitoring is very expensive, time consuming and difficult. At present there is little funding available and what funding there is, is very difficult to release
• The boundaries of acceptability have to be defined to assist developers.
• There should be an agreed environmental monitoring programme that all developers are encouraged to follow at all sites (bearing in mind particular sensitivities of site)
• It is not clear what parameters should be measured and what is the best technology available for an environmental monitoring programme.
• A monitoring programme should concentrate on possible showstoppers for marine developers

This meeting of independent experts addressed institutional arrangements for implementing UK Electricity Market Reform (EMR). It was convened jointly by the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC) and the Imperial College Centre for Energy Policy and Technology (ICEPT). Institutional issues are closely tied to arrangements for a proposed Capacity Mechanism. Discussions at the workshop reflected this link.

The meeting considered both the general shape of the Electricity Market Reform (EMR) package and the four specific elements proposed in the Department for Energy and Climate Change (DECC) and HM Treasury (HMT) consultations. This summary covers first the generic aspects and then, more briefly, the four specific elements.

This report is an account of the discussion; comments are nonattributed. Opinions expressed in the report do not necessarily represent UKERC’s views. Arrangements for the meeting were facilitated by the UKERC Meeting Place.

The workshop presentations and the ensuing discussion clearly underlined the UK potential for community energy initiatives. There are in the region of 500 community energy projects currently in the UK, demonstrating a wide range of technologies and approaches. However, although these projects will generate a considerable amount of kilowatts, it is equally important to recognise other roles that they may play. The contribution of projects to, for example, combating social exclusion or increasing public understanding of renewable energy technologies may be as important as power generation or energy conservation.

• Adapting and developing network designs to enable delivery of a cost effective and secure future low carbon energy system in the UK
• Developing new infrastructure approaches
• Demonstrating new infrastructure technologies
• What we have done to date

This document is a guide created by the Department for Transport on Fuel Saving Devices.

Fleet managers are frequently bombarded by sales literature for products that offer fuel savings that often seem too good to be true. Under pressure to cut costs, a busy manager might be strongly tempted by a 'fit and forget' device that 'allegedly pays for itself in months'. Indeed, given the size of the savings, how could you justify turning down such an offer? On the other hand, what if the product doesn't work? Installing it would waste money; worse still, it might damage your vehicles. Even if it does no harm, it would be better to spend your money, and time, on other more effective fuel saving measures.

This guide is designed to help. It is crammed full with practical tips to help you separate the spurious from the genuine in fuel saving claims. It also gives plenty of advice on how to conduct proper tests, should you get to the stage where you want to test a product.

1. Introduction
2. Where Do You Start?
3. Product Types
4. Testing, Testing
5. Contact Points

The meeting brought together around 100 energy professionals from academia, business, the public sector, and nongovernmental organisations to discuss governance challenges and solutions for achieving a sustainable, secure, and affordable British energy system. The organisers approached this from a wide range of expertise including policy, law, regulation, energy provision, energy efficiency and behavioural change. The day began with a plenary in which four speakers introduced the topic. This was followed by breakout sessions to cover six themes:

• Technologies and investment
• Behaviour and lifestyles
• Local governance
• Institutions, decision making, and legitimacy
• International governance issues
• Business, new entrants, and new practices

During a closing plenary five speakers reflected on the key messages fromthe meeting.

The decarbonisation of heat remains one of the most complex and uncertain challenges in achieving the UK's net zero targets. For Gas Distribution Networks (GDNs), the future of heat delivery is unclear, leaving limited indicators to guide long-term investment and operational planning. Among the few available signals are the heat pump deployment targets established through Local Area Energy Plans (LAEPs).

In Wales, the Government has formally adopted LAEPs to support a whole-systems approach to net zero, aligning local decision-making with national objectives. This executive summary condenses a report which was produced following a six-month placement at Wales & West Utilities, to assess the implications of LAEPs from a GDN's perspective. It explores the deployment rates required to meet LAEP targets and examines how these trajectories are likely to influence future gas demand.

The analysis shows that meeting LAEP targets will require a sharp and immediate increase in heat pump installations, with annual deployment rates often surpassing current gas boiler replacement levels. If similar trends are seen across the UK, overall deployment would be higher than what is targeted in the Seventh Carbon Budget. What's more, the longer substantial progress is delayed, the more difficult deployment will be to manage sustainably, as roll-out rates will have to exceed natural replacement cycles.

The findings also highlight the 2031-2036 price control period as a critical turning point when heat pump deployment is expected to peak and begin to significantly reduce gas throughput. These shifts are likely to create new operational and financial challenges for GDNs. Without sufficient flexibility from the regulator (Ofgem) to manage transitional inefficiencies and cost recovery, networks may face increased risk and reduced utilisation.

The report concludes with recommendations for how energy planning processes could be refined to better achieve their desired outcomes.

This workshop was a joint event organised by CREDS and UKERC Sarah Higginson, Catherine Jones, Kate Kwok, Marina Topouzi, Mike Fell, Gesche Huebner and facilitated by Mike Colechin

UKERC co-hosted a meeting last month with DECC and ETI to seek input and feedback on plans for the 300 million in heat network capital expenditures announced in the government's Spending Review. Amber Sharick, UKERC Business Engagement Manager, and Jan Webb, UKERC Researcher & Professor of Sociology of Organisations, University of Edinburgh, report on the discussions.

To address the aim, each chapter author presented a 10-minute summary of his chapter. This was followed by a five-minute critique by an invited discussant. Comments were invited from the floor for a further 15-minute period. Professor Gary May provided an overview of research in this area at the end of the workshop. The workshop was opened by an invited chair, Professor A.P. Sakis Meliopoulos of the Georgia Institute of Technology. Professor Meliopoulos offered final concluding remarks.

Numerical modelling of a WEC is presented in this paper along with some details of the experimental setup. Issues related to the numerical modelling of the single DOF (degree-of-freedom) motion of a surging point absorber WEC (wave energy converter) are outlined and a comparison with experimental data is presented. A commercial CFD code Flow-3D has been used for the numerical modelling and the ability of the code to simulate free surface linear waves and wavestructure interaction is evaluated in this paper.

The work is aimed at simulating a surging wave energy converter to achieve an optimized shape and to predict output power at a higher or full scale. The findings of this study may also serve as a reference point for the use of a commercial code such as Flow-3D for simulating such problems.

1. Introduction
2. Wave Tank Experiments
3. Numerical Modelling
4. Results
5. Conclusions and Future Work

The 2006 Annual Energy Modelling Conference (AEMC) of the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC) was held in Oxford UK from 5-7 December 2006. The conference theme was Quantifying Scenarios of a Low Carbon Society. The conference structure consisted of an open symposium with UK energy policy stakeholders followed by a technical modelling workshop. A particular emphasis was on developing country participation. A key output of the workshop was to define comparative modelling runs which will be a direct research output to the UK-Japan research project Developing Visions for a LowCarbon Society (LCS) through Sustainable Development.

Open Symposium

• Presentation and discussion of research regarding UK and international scenarios of low carbon societies (LCS) Closed expert workshop
• Technical discussion of state-of-the-art energy modelling
• Introduction to developing country energy modelling teams and capacities
• Definition of collaborative modelling run: to agree a set of scenarios each with common inputs for comparable runs of the various models

The aim of the workshop was to strengthen UK/Italian collaboration as a basis for submitting joint projects under the EU’s 7th Framework Programme, and in general to further international cooperation on carbon capture and storage. Three specific work areas were identified:

1. Coal gasification and hydrogen production
2. Coal combustion with carbon dioxide capture
3. Geological storage

The seminar was split into two parts, with the morning concentrating on future applications for hydrogen (the demand side) and the future economics of hydrogen infrastructure development (supply side). On the applications front, there were presentations from Dr Paul Harborne of the Cass Business School and Professor Paul Ekins of the Policy Studies Institute.

This regular ETSAP workshop, held at St Annes College, Oxford, was preceded by a focused UKERC sponsored event which examined issues in modelling future energy technology costs and choice.

The ETSAP meeting was structured around the two main themes. The first was applications of the MARKAL / TIMES model variants in specific methodological and policy focused projects. The second was presentations detailing ongoing model development and improvement in this open-source collaboration in energy system analytical tools.

Two underlying developments were discussed throughout the two days. The first was the surge of interest in scenario quantification and modelling of the options for climate change mitigation policies arising from the G8 Gleneagles Summit. ETSAP is likely to be heavily involved in this process which includes the IEA preparing a new flagship publicationon Global Energy Technology Perspectives (GETP). The first annual GETP is to be published in March 2006, will explore the role energy technologies can play in shaping long term markets and will be closely tied to results from the global MARKAL model. The second was an ongoing aim to continue to interact with key developing countries and to enhance and to link with their energy modelling capacities. This has been done through ETSAP as a whole and through bilateral contacts and this process will continue to be strengthened.

In additional to the modelling insights this workshop offered an excellent opportunity for networking and relationship building between international modelling groups. This was facilitated by the conference dinner held at St Anthonys College, Oxford.

The participants in the session clearly represented a wide range of relevant backgrounds. Only a minority of participants were familiar with the details of fusion research. This led to a rapid discussion and overview of the main concepts behind fusion in Tokamaks such as JET and ITER this is summarised here. The event took place over 2 days with a break down of what occured within the document.

This document is a summary for the project titled 'THz nanodevices for energy harvesting'.

The urgent need to reduce carbon emissions in order to limit the impacts of global warming necessitates action for us to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels by switching to various carbon-free renewable energy resources. In the UK, the government has set up ambitious targets for the production of electricity from renewable sources, 10% of electricity by 2010 and 15% by 2020. Therefore the development of a new low-cost, efficient and environmentally friendly way to generate electricity would be of enormous benefit to society as a whole. This project outlines a plan for the technical and commercial development of 'rectennas' which can be used to convert heat, and later solar, energy from a variety of sources directly into usable electricity. It will also provide significant business opportunities internationally as countries strive to move towards more sustainable ways of generating electricity. This technology has the potential to overcome the fundamental limits of high cost and low efficiency that have limited the success of conventional thermoelectric and photovoltaic devices as low carbon solutions to the world's energy needs.

Heat energy, in the form of infrared radiation, is emitted from any object above absolute zero temperature; the hotter the object the more energy is released. This project aims to develop technology that can harness this energy by converting it into usable electricity using 'rectennas'. Rectennas consist of an antenna, to capture electromagnetic radiation, and a rectifier (requiring diodes with particular characteristics) to convert the energy into DC current. A square meter of material at 700°C, for example, releases about 50kW of energy as heat which would be enough to power 2,500 energy saving light bulbs. The work extends proven technology, shown to be highly efficient (>80%) in the microwave region (GHz), into higher frequencies (Thz) to harvest heat (infrared) from a variety of sources including waste heat from computer chips, car exhausts and beyond. Further development of this technology offers hope of highly efficient light (solar) energy capture. Despite the great potential benefits the device could deliver, the technology is relatively simple and requires only two main components making them cheap to produce and reliable to operate. Antennas that operate at frequencies (infra-red) which allow them to capture heat energy frequencies have very recently been developed, tested and manufactured at low cost however work is required to get rectifiers to operate at this range. Developing recitifiers which are capable this is the main objective of the project and Prof. Song is a world leading expert in the high speed diodes which make up rectifiers, diodes are semiconductor devices which only allows current to flow through it in one direction.

The aim of the TSEC Trust Symposium was to bring together key individuals from the UK energy research community with leading UK and international social scientists who had previously worked on issues of trust in other social and technological contexts, in order to:

• stimulate inter-disciplinary debate;
• allow UK energy researchers to engage with and learn from leading UK and international social science researchers working on issues and concepts of trust;
• develop new synergies between different strands of energy research and research on trust;
• improve the capacity of UKERC researchers to effectively engage with and critically employ concepts of trust within their own research; and
• contribute to UKERC’s networking function and build up the strengths of the research community.

Sustainable development, global warming and energy security are issues for the current generation and action/inaction now will profoundly affect future generations. Changes seem to be inevitable, but there is room for debate about the extent to which the market will deliver the necessary energy transition or there must be policy-led ‘managed change’. Whichever course is taken, changes on the scale and of the complexity required will depend on cooperation between stakeholders at many levels. Trust/mistrust will play a part, positive or negative, in securing that cooperation. As yet little work has been done on trust in an energy policy context. The TSEC Trust workshop and project are part of an attempt to build capacity among researchers to undertake that task.

This document is a summary for the project titled 'Third generation Solar Cells based on Quantum slicing by Rare earth doped Silicon nanocrystals'.

Current commercially available silicon solar cells are typically 10-20% efficient at converting sunlight into electricity. The main limitation in these materials is that they absorb nearly all the light that falls on them creating electrons, but they waste 80-90% as heat when the electrons lose excess energy on absorption. If one could convert the short wavelength (Blue) sunlight that falls on them to an equivalent amount of energy in the infrared, the electrons would lose almost no energy on absorption and the efficiency of the devices could almost double. Such a "quantum-slicing" technology has been the goal of solar cell research for many years. Recently it was reported that rare earth elements such as erbium or neodymium when incorporated into silicon oxide containing tiny clumps of silicon (nanocrystals) could be made to emit two infrared "photons" of light for each incident blue photon. This is very attractive as an industrial technology as silicon oxide can be formed on silicon solar cells by merely heating them in oxygen. However, the rare earth element used in these experiments was erbium whose emission is not suitable for harvesting with silicon. This project investigated the incorporation of a different element - neodymium in such materials. They will deposit optimised neodymium doped silicon oxide layers containing nanocrystals onto prototype silicon solar cells to demonstrate improved efficiency. Doping is the process of introducing impurities into an extremely pure semiconductor, in this case silicon rich oxide (SRO), to change its electrical properties.

The project builds on an EPSRC grant (value £192k) which funded the work that developed the original technology and is effectively a three way collaboration between the University of Manchester, the University of Surrey and McMaster University. The work carried out on this project led on to a £1.5m multicentre grant award (ESPRC) to follow up the underlying IP. An additional £200k was also awarded by ESPRC to investigate biosensing applications of the technology.

This seminar brought together some 25 experts including policy makers, scientists and tourism stakeholders to focus on the relationship between travel, climate change and tourism, and to explore the questions below. It examined the scope for the tourism sector to respond positively to the challenges of climate change, with an expansion in tourism activities that are not reliant on flying.

In the face of these challenges and opportunities, the workshop explored:

• The broader context: how is tourism likely to be affected positively and negatively by a changing climate and a changing environment, both in the UK and at destinations for outbound tourists?
• How is the market likely to respond to measures taken to deter the growth in air travel? What might be the differing consequences for the industry and the environment of different types of measure - for example, measures primarily aimed at long haul or short haul flights?
• What scope is there for the tourism sector to adapt positively to climate change identifying new business opportunities whilst contributing to the UKs targets for CO2 reduction?
• What Government actions or policies might be needed to support the sector in responding positively to the challenges of climate change?
• What further research is needed to inform policy and underpin the development of strategies for sustainable UK tourism?

This seminar brought together some 25 experts including policy makers, scientists and tourism stakeholders to focus on the relationship between travel, climate change and tourism, and to explore the questions below. It examined the scope for the tourism sector to respond positively to the challenges of climate change, with an expansion in tourism activities that are not reliant on flying.

This document is only the Executive summary of the meeting.

This report provides an overview of what occurred over the 2 days of this annual assembly.

Thursday 28th June:

1. Welcome and introduction
2. UKERC highlights
3. Energy research and funding overview
4. Sustainable development
5. UKERC integration project
6. SPARKS network

Friday 29th June:

1. Materials & energy
2. Energy security
3. Summer school presentations
4. Final wrap-up

UKERC ENERGY RESEARCH LANDSCAPE: ENERGY EFFICIENCY RESIDENTIAL & COMMERCIAL

• Section 1: An overview which includes a broad characterisation of research activity in the sector and the key research challenges
• Section 2: An assessment of UK capabilities in relation to wider international activities, in the context of market potential
• Section 3: Major funding streams and providers of basic research along with a brief commentary
• Section 4: Major funding streams and providers of applied research along with a brief commentary
• Section 5: Major funding streams for demonstration activity along with major projects and a brief commentary
• Section 6: Research infrastructure and other major research assets (e.g. databases, models)
• Section 7: Research networks, mainly in the UK, but also European networks not covered by the EU Framework Research and Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 8: UK participation in energy-related EU Framework Research and Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 9: UK participation in wider international initiatives, including those supported by the International Energy Agency

This UKERC Research Landscape provides an overview of the competencies and publicly funded activities inBioenergy for Heat, Power and Liquid transportation fuels research, development and demonstration (RD&D) in the UK. It covers the main funding streams, research providers, infrastructure, networks and UK participation in international activities.

UKERC ENERGY RESEARCH LANDSCAPE: BIOENERGY FOR HEAT, POWER andLIQUID TRANSPORTATION FUELS

• Section 1: An overview which includes a broad characterisation of research activity in the sector and the key research challenges
• Section 2: An assessment of UK capabilities in relation to wider international activities, in the context of market potential
• Section 3: Major funding streams and providers of basic research along with a brief commentary
• Section 4: Major funding streams and providersof applied research along with a brief commentary
• Section 5: Major funding streams for demonstration activity along with major projects and a brief commentary
• Section 6: Research infrastructure and other major research assets (e.g. databases, models)
• Section 7: Research networks, mainly in the UK, but also European networks not covered by the EU Framework Research and Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 8: UK participation in energy-related EU Framework Research and Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 9: UK participation in wider international initiatives, including those supported by the International Energy Agency

This UKERC Research Landscape provides an overview of the competencies and publicly funded activities in carbon capture and storage research, development and demonstration (RD&D) in the UK. It covers the main funding streams, research providers, infrastructure, networks and UK participation in international activities.

UKERC ENERGY RESEARCH LANDSCAPE: CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE

• Section 1: An overview which includes a broad characterisation of research activity in the sector and the key research challenges
• Section 2: An assessment of UK capabilities in relation to wider international activities, in the context of market potential
• Section 3: Major funding streams and providers of basic research along with a brief commentary
• Section 4: Major funding streams and providers of applied research along with a brief commentary
• Section 5: Major funding streams for demonstration activity along with major projects and a brief commentary
• Section 6: Research infrastructure and other major research assets (e.g. databases, models)
• Section 7: Research networks, mainly in the UK, but also European networks not covered by the EU Framework Research and Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 8: UK participation in energy-related EU Framework Research and Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 9: UK participation in wider international initiatives, including those supported by the International Energy Agency

This UKERC Research Landscape provides an overview of the competencies and publicly funded activities in coal combustion research, development and demonstration (RD&D) in the UK. It covers the main funding streams, research providers, infrastructure, networks and UK participation in international activities.

UKERC ENERGY RESEARCH LANDSCAPE: COAL COMBUSTION

• Section 1: An overview which includes a broad characterisation of research activity in the sector and the key research challenges
• Section 2: An assessment of UK capabilities in relation to wider international activities, in the context of market potential
• Section 3: Major funding streams and providers of basic research along with a brief commentary
• Section 4: Major funding streams and providers of applied research along with a brief commentary
• Section 5: Majorfunding streams for demonstration activity along with major projects and a brief commentary
• Section 6: Research infrastructure and other major research assets (e.g. databases, models)
• Section 7: Research networks, mainly in the UK, but also European networks not covered by the EU Framework Research and Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 8: UK participation in energy-related EU Framework Research and Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 9: UK participation in wider international initiatives, including those supported by the International Energy Agency

This UKERC Research Landscape provides an overview of the competencies and publicly funded activities in coal conversion research, development and demonstration (RD&D) in the UK. It covers the main funding streams, research providers, infrastructure, networks and UK participation in international activities.

UKERC ENERGY RESEARCH LANDSCAPE: COAL CONVERSION

• Section 1: An overview which includes a broad characterisation of research activity in the sector and the key research challenges
• Section 2: An assessment of UK capabilities in relation to wider international activities, in the context of market potential
• Section 3: Major funding streams and providers of basic research along with a brief commentary
• Section 4: Major funding streams and providers of applied research along with a brief commentary
• Section 5: Majorfunding streams for demonstration activity along with major projects and a brief commentary
• Section 6: Research infrastructure and other major research assets (e.g. databases, models)
• Section 7: Research networks, mainly in the UK, but also European networks not covered by the EU Framework Research and Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 8: UK participation in energy-related EU Framework Research and Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 9: UK participation in wider international initiatives, including those supported by the International Energy Agency

This UKERC Research Landscape provides an overview of the competencies and publicly funded activities in electric power conversion research, development and demonstration (RD&D) in the UK. It covers the main funding streams, research providers, infrastructure, networks and UK participation in international activities.

UKERC ENERGY RESEARCH LANDSCAPE: ELECTRIC POWER CONVERSION

• Section 1: An overview which includes a broad characterisation of research activity in the sector and the key research challenges
• Section 2: An assessment of UK capabilities in relation to wider international activities, in the context of market potential
• Section 3: Major funding streams and providers of basic research along with a brief commentary
• Section 4: Major funding streams and providers of applied research along with a brief commentary
• Section 5: Major funding streams for demonstration activity along with major projects and a brief commentary
• Section 6: Research infrastructure and other major research assets (e.g. databases, models)
• Section 7: Research networks, mainly in the UK, but also European networks not covered by the EU Framework Research and Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 8: UK participation in energy-related EU Framework Research and Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 9: UK participation in wider international initiatives, including those supported by the International Energy Agency

This UKERC Research Landscape provides an overview of the competencies and publicly funded activities in electricity transmission and distribution research, development and demonstration (RD&D) in the UK. It covers the main funding streams, research providers, infrastructure, networks and UK participation in international activities.

UKERC ENERGY RESEARCH LANDSCAPE: ELECTRICITY TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION

• Section 1: An overview which includes a broad characterisation of research activity in the sector and the key research challenges
• Section 2: An assessment of UK capabilities in relation to wider international activities, in the context of market potential
• Section 3: Major funding streams and providers of basic research along with a brief commentary
• Section 4: Major funding streams and providers of applied research alongwith a brief commentary
• Section 5: Major funding streams for demonstration activity along with major projects and a brief commentary
• Section 6: Research infrastructure and other major research assets (e.g. databases, models)
• Section 7: Research networks, mainly in the UK, but also European networks not covered by the EU Framework Research and Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 8: UK participation in energy-related EU Framework Research and Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 9: UK participation in wider international initiatives, including those supported by the International Energy Agency

This UKERC Research Landscape provides an overview of the competencies and publicly funded activities in energy efficiency (industry) research, development and demonstration (RD&D) in the UK. It covers the main funding streams, research providers, infrastructure, networks and UK participation in international activities.

UKERC ENERGY RESEARCH LANDSCAPE: ENERGY EFFICIENCY - INDUSTRY

• Section 1: An overview which includes a broad characterisation of research activity in the sector and the key research challenges
• Section 2: An assessment of UK capabilities in relation to wider international activities, in the context of market potential
• Section 3: Major funding streams and providers of basic research along with a brief commentary
• Section 4: Major funding streams and providers of applied research along with a brief commentary
• Section 5: Major funding streams for demonstration activity along with major projects and a brief commentary
• Section 6: Research infrastructure and other major research assets (e.g. databases, models)
• Section 7: Research networks, mainly in the UK, but also European networks not covered by the EU Framework Research and Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 8: UK participation in energy-related EU Framework Research and Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 9: UK participation in wider international initiatives, including those supported by the International Energy Agency

This UKERC Research Landscape provides an overview of the competencies and publicly funded activities in energy efficiency (transport)research, development and demonstration (RD&D) in the UK. It covers the main funding streams, research providers, infrastructure, networks and UK participation in international activities.

UKERC ENERGY RESEARCH LANDSCAPE: ENERGY EFFICIENCY TRANSPORT

• Section 1: An overview which includes a broad characterisation of research activity in the sector and the key research challenges
• Section 2: An assessment of UK capabilities in relation to wider international activities, in the context of market potential
• Section 3: Major funding streams and providers of basic research along with a brief commentary
• Section 4: Major funding streams and providers of applied research along with a brief commentary
• Section 5: Major funding streams for demonstration activity along with major projects and a brief commentary
• Section 6: Research infrastructure and other major research assets (e.g. databases, models)
• Section 7: Research networks, mainly in the UK, but also European networks not covered by the EU Framework Research and Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 8: UK participation in energy-related EU Framework Research and Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 9: UK participation in wider international initiatives, including those supported by the International Energy Agency

This has been superseded by a new 2019 landscape

This UKERC Research Landscape provides an overview of the competencies and publicly funded activities in energy storage research, development and demonstration (RD&D) in the UK. It covers the main funding streams, research providers, infrastructure, networks and UK participation in international activities.

UKERC ENERGY RESEARCH LANDSCAPE: ENERGY STORAGE

• Section 1: An overview which includes a broad characterisation of research activity in the sector and the key research challenges
• Section 2: An assessment of UK capabilities in relation to wider international activities, in the context of market potential
• Section 3: Major funding streams and providers of basic research along with a brief commentary
• Section 4: Major funding streams and providers of applied research alongwith a brief commentary
• Section 5: Major funding streams for demonstration activity along with major projects and a brief commentary
• Section 6: Research infrastructure and other major research assets (e.g. databases, models)
• Section 7: Research networks, mainly in the UK, but also European networks not covered by the EU Framework Research and Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 8: UK participation in energy-related EU Framework Research and Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 9: UK participation in wider international initiatives, including those supported by the International Energy Agency

This UKERC Research Landscape provides an overview of the competencies and publicly funded activities in energy storage research, development and demonstration (RD&D) in the UK. It covers the main funding streams, research providers, infrastructure, networks and UK participation in international activities.

UKERC ENERGY RESEARCH LANDSCAPE: ENERGY STORAGE

• Section 1: An overview which includes a broad characterisation of research activity in the sector and the key research challenges
• Section 2: An assessment of UK capabilities in relation to wider international activities, in the context of market potential
• Section 3: Major funding streams and providers of basic research along with a brief commentary
• Section 4: Major funding streams and providers of applied research along with a brief commentary
• Section 5: Major funding streams for demonstration activity along with major projects and a brief commentary
• Section 6: Research infrastructure and other major research assets (e.g. databases, models)
• Section 7: Research networks, mainly in the UK, but also European networks not covered by the EU Framework Research and Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 8: UK participation in energy-related EU Framework Research and Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 9: UK participation in wider international initiatives, including those supported by the International Energy Agency

This UKERC Research Landscape provides an overview of the competencies and publicly funded activities inEnergy Systems Modelling research, development and demonstration (RD&D) in the UK. It covers the main funding streams, research providers, infrastructure, networks and UK participation in international activities.

UKERC ENERGY RESEARCH LANDSCAPE: ENERGY SYSTEMS MODELLING

• Section 1: An overview which includes a broad characterisation of research activity in the sector and the key research challenges
• Section 2: An assessment of UK capabilities in relation to wider international activities, in the context of market potential
• Section 3: Major funding streams and providers of basic research along with a brief commentary
• Section 4: Major funding streams and providers of applied research along with a brief commentary
• Section 5: Major funding streams for demonstration activity along with major projects and a brief commentary
• Section 6: Research infrastructure and other major research assets (e.g. databases, models)
• Section 7: Research networks, mainly in the UK, but also European networks not covered by the EU Framework Research and Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 8: UK participation in energy-related EU Framework Research and Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 9: UK participation in wider international initiatives, including those supported by the International Energy Agency

This UKERC Research Landscape provides an overview of the competencies and publicly funded activities in fuel cells research, development and demonstration (RD&D) in the UK. It covers the main funding streams, research providers, infrastructure, networks and UK participation in international activities.

UKERC ENERGY RESEARCH LANDSCAPE: FUEL CELLS

• Section 1: An overview which includes a broad characterisation of research activity in the sector and the key research challenges
• Section 2: An assessment of UK capabilities in relation to wider international activities, in the context of market potential
• Section 3: Major funding streams and providers of basic research along with a brief commentary
• Section 4: Major funding streams and providers of applied research along with a brief commentary
• Section 5: Major funding streams for demonstration activity along with major projects and a brief commentary
• Section 6: Research infrastructure and other major research assets (e.g. databases, models)
• Section 7: Research networks, mainly in the UK, but also European networks not covered by the EU Framework Research and Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 8: UK participation in energy-related EU Framework Research and Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 9: UK participation in wider international initiatives, including those supported by the International Energy Agency

This UKERC Research Landscape provides an overview of the competencies and publicly funded activities ingeothermal energy - research, development and demonstration (RD&D) in the UK. It covers the main funding streams, research providers, infrastructure, networks and UK participation in international activities.

UKERC ENERGY RESEARCH LANDSCAPE: GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

• Section 1: An overview which includes a broad characterisation of research activity in the sector and the key research challenges
• Section 2: An assessment of UK capabilities in relation to wider international activities, in the context of market potential
• Section 3: Major funding streams and providers of basic research along with a brief commentary
• Section 4: Major funding streams and providers of applied research along with a brief commentary
• Section 5: Major funding streams for demonstration activity along with major projects and a brief commentary
• Section 6: Research infrastructure and other major research assets (e.g. databases, models)
• Section 7: Research networks, mainly in the UK, but also European networks not covered by the EU Framework Research and Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 8: UK participation in energy-related EU Framework Research and Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 9: UK participation in wider international initiatives, including those supported by the International Energy Agency

This UKERC Research Landscape provides an overview of the competencies and publicly funded activities in hydrogen research, development and demonstration (RD&D) in the UK. It covers the main funding streams, research providers, infrastructure, networks and UK participation in international activities.

UKERC ENERGY RESEARCH LANDSCAPE: HYDROGEN

• Section 1: An overview which includes a broad characterisation of research activity in the sector and the key research challenges
• Section 2: An assessment of UK capabilities in relation to wider international activities, in the context of market potential
• Section 3: Major funding streams and providers of basic research along with a brief commentary
• Section 4: Major funding streams and providers of applied research along with a brief commentary
• Section 5: Major funding streams for demonstration activity along with major projects and a brief commentary
• Section 6: Research infrastructure and other major research assets (e.g. databases, models)
• Section 7: Research networks, mainly in the UK, but also European networks not covered by the EU Framework Research and Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 8: UK participation in energy-related EU Framework Research and Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 9: UK participation in wider international initiatives, including those supported by the International Energy Agency

This UKERC Research Landscape provides an overview of the competencies and publicly funded activities in hydropower research, development and demonstration (RD&D) in the UK. It covers the main funding streams, research providers, infrastructure, networks and UK participation in international activities.

UKERC ENERGY RESEARCH LANDSCAPE: HYDROPOWER

• Section 1: An overview which includes a broad characterisation of research activity in the sector and the key research challenges
• Section 2: An assessment of UK capabilities in relation to wider international activities, in the context of market potential
• Section 3: Major funding streams and providers of basic research along with a brief commentary
• Section 4: Major funding streams and providers of applied research along with a brief commentary
• Section 5: Major funding streams for demonstration activity along with major projects and a brief commentary
• Section 6: Research infrastructure and other major research assets (e.g. databases, models)
• Section 7: Research networks, mainly in the UK, but also European networks not covered by the EU Framework Research and Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 8: UK participation in energy-related EU Framework Research and Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 9: UK participation in wider international initiatives, including those supported by the International Energy Agency

This UKERC Research Landscape provides an overview of the competencies and publicly funded activities inInterdisciplinary Research Centres - research, development and demonstration (RD&D) in the UK. It covers the main funding streams, research providers, infrastructure, networks and UK participation in international activities.

UKERC ENERGY RESEARCH LANDSCAPE: INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH CENTRES

• Section 1: An overview which includes a broad characterisation of research activity in the sector and the key research challenges
• Section 2: An assessment of UK capabilities in relation to wider international activities, in the context of market potential
• Section 3: Major funding streams and providers of basic research along with a brief commentary
• Section 4: Major funding streams and providers of applied research alongwith a brief commentary
• Section 5: Major funding streams for demonstration activity along with major projects and a brief commentary
• Section 6: Research infrastructure and other major research assets (e.g. databases, models)
• Section 7: Research networks, mainly in the UK, but also European networks not covered by the EU Framework Research and Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 8: UK participation in energy-related EU Framework Research and Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 9: UK participation in wider international initiatives, including those supported by the International Energy Agency

This UKERC Research Landscape provides an overview of the competencies and publicly funded activities in marine renewable energy research, development and demonstration (RD&D) in the UK. It covers the main funding streams, research providers, infrastructure, networks and UK participation in international activities.

UKERC ENERGY RESEARCH LANDSCAPE: MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY

• Section 1: An overview which includes a broad characterisation of research activity in the sector and the key research challenges
• Section 2: An assessment of UK capabilities in relation to wider international activities, in the context of market potential
• Section 3: Major funding streams and providers of basic research along with a brief commentary
• Section 4: Major funding streams and providers of applied research along with a brief commentary
• Section 5: Major funding streams for demonstration activity along with major projects and a brief commentary
• Section 6: Research infrastructure and other major research assets (e.g. databases, models)
• Section 7: Research networks, mainly in the UK, but also European networks not covered by the EU Framework Researchand Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 8: UK participation in energy-related EU Framework Research and Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 9: UK participation in wider international initiatives, including those supported by the International Energy Agency

This UKERC Research Landscape provides an overview of the competencies and publicly funded activities in nuclear fission research, development and demonstration (RD&D) in the UK. It covers the main funding streams, research providers, infrastructure, networks and UK participation in international activities.

UKERC ENERGY RESEARCH LANDSCAPE: NUCLEAR FISSION

• Section 1: An overview which includes a broad characterisation of research activity in the sector and the key research challenges
• Section 2: An assessment of UK capabilities in relation to wider international activities, in the context of market potential
• Section 3: Major funding streams and providers of basic research along with a brief commentary
• Section 4: Major funding streams and providers of applied research along with a brief commentary
• Section 5: Major funding streams for demonstration activity along with major projects and a brief commentary
• Section 6: Research infrastructure and other major research assets (e.g. databases, models)
• Section 7: Research networks, mainly in the UK, but also European networks not covered by the EU Framework Research and Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 8: UK participation in energy-related EU Framework Research and Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 9: UK participation in wider international initiatives, including those supported by the International Energy Agency

This UKERC Research Landscape provides an overview of the competencies and publicly funded activities innuclear fusion - research, development and demonstration (RD&D) in the UK. It covers the main funding streams, research providers, infrastructure, networks and UK participation in international activities.

UKERC ENERGY RESEARCH LANDSCAPE: NUCLEAR FUSION

• Section 1: An overview which includes a broad characterisation of research activity in the sector and the key research challenges
• Section 2: An assessment of UK capabilities in relation to wider international activities, in the context of market potential
• Section 3: Major funding streams and providers of basic research along with a brief commentary
• Section 4: Major funding streams and providers of applied research along with a brief commentary
• Section 5: Major funding streams for demonstration activity along with major projects and a brief commentary
• Section 6: Research infrastructure and other major research assets (e.g. databases, models)
• Section 7: Research networks, mainly in the UK, but also European networks not covered by the EU Framework Research and Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 8: UK participation in energy-related EU Framework Research and Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 9: UK participation in wider international initiatives, including those supported by the International Energy Agency

This has been superseded by a new 2019 landscape

This UKERC Research Landscape provides an overview of the competencies and publicly funded activities in socio-economic issues research, development and demonstration (RD&D) in the UK. It covers the main funding streams, research providers, infrastructure, networks and UK participation in international activities.

UKERC ENERGY RESEARCH LANDSCAPE: SOCIO-ECONOMIC ISSUES

• Section 1: An overview which includes a broad characterisation of research activity in the sector and the key research challenges
• Section 2: An assessment of UK capabilities in relation to wider international activities, in the context of market potential
• Section 3: Major funding streams and providers of basic research along with a brief commentary
• Section 4: Major funding streams and providers of appliedresearch along with a brief commentary
• Section 5: Major funding streams for demonstration activity along with major projects and a brief commentary
• Section 6: Research infrastructure and other major research assets (e.g. databases, models)
• Section 7: Research networks, mainly in the UK, but also European networks not covered by the EU Framework Research and Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 8: UK participation in energy-related EU Framework Research and Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 9: UK participation in wider international initiatives, including those supported by the International Energy Agency

This UKERC Research Landscape provides an overview of the competencies and publicly funded activities in socio-economic issues research, development and demonstration (RD&D) in the UK. It covers the main funding streams, research providers, infrastructure, networks and UK participation in international activities.

UKERC ENERGY RESEARCH LANDSCAPE: SOCIO-ECONOMIC ISSUES

• Section 1: An overview which includes a broad characterisation of research activity in the sector and the key research challenges
• Section 2: An assessment of UK capabilities in relation to wider international activities, in the context of market potential
• Section 3: Major funding streams and providers of basic research along with a brief commentary
• Section 4: Major funding streams and providers of applied research along with a brief commentary
• Section5: Major funding streams for demonstration activity along with major projects and a brief commentary
• Section 6: Research infrastructure and other major research assets (e.g. databases, models)
• Section 7: Research networks, mainly in the UK, but also European networks not covered by the EU Framework Research and Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 8: UK participation in energy-related EU Framework Research and Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 9: UK participation in wider international initiatives, including those supported by the International Energy Agency

This UKERC Research Landscape provides an overview of the competencies and publicly funded activities in solar energy research, development and demonstration (RD&D) in the UK. It covers the main funding streams, research providers, infrastructure, networks and UK participation in international activities.

UKERC ENERGY RESEARCH LANDSCAPE: SOLAR ENERGY

• Section 1: An overview which includes a broad characterisation of research activity in the sector and the key research challenges
• Section 2: An assessment of UK capabilities in relation to wider international activities, in the context of market potential
• Section 3: Major funding streams and providers of basic research along with a brief commentary
• Section 4: Major funding streams and providers of applied research along with a brief commentary
• Section 5: Major funding streams for demonstration activity along with major projects and a brief commentary
• Section 6: Research infrastructure and other major research assets (e.g. databases, models)
• Section 7: Research networks, mainly in the UK, but also European networks not covered by the EU Framework Research and Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 8: UK participation in energy-related EU Framework Research and Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 9: UK participation in wider international initiatives, including those supported by the International Energy Agency

This UKERC Research Landscape provides an overview of the competencies and publicly funded activities in energy storage research, development and demonstration (RD&D) in the UK. It covers the main funding streams, research providers, infrastructure, networks and UK participation in international activities.

UKERC ENERGY RESEARCH LANDSCAPE: WHOLE SYSTEM RESEARCH

• Section 1: An overview which includes a broad characterisation of research activity in the sector and the key research challenges
• Section 2: An assessment of UK capabilities in relation to wider international activities, in the context of market potential
• Section 3: Major funding streams and providers of basic research along with a brief commentary
• Section 4: Major funding streams and providers of applied research along with a brief commentary
• Section 5: Major funding streams for demonstration activity along with major projects and a brief commentary
• Section 6: Research infrastructure and other major research assets (e.g. databases, models)
• Section 7: Research networks, mainly in the UK, but also European networks not covered by the EU Framework Research and Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 8: UK participation in energy-related EU Framework Research and Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 9: UK participation in wider international initiatives, including those supported by the International Energy Agency

This UKERC Research Landscape provides an overview of the competencies and publicly funded activities in wind energy research, development and demonstration (RD&D) in the UK. It covers the main funding streams, research providers, infrastructure, networks and UK participation in international activities.

UKERC ENERGY RESEARCH LANDSCAPE: WIND ENERGY

• Section 1: An overview which includes a broad characterisation of research activity in the sector and the key research challenges
• Section 2: An assessment of UK capabilities in relation to wider international activities, in the context of market potential
• Section 3: Major funding streams and providers of basic research along with a brief commentary
• Section 4: Major funding streams and providers of applied research along with a brief commentary
• Section 5: Major fundingstreams for demonstration activity along with major projects and a brief commentary
• Section 6: Research infrastructure and other major research assets (e.g. databases, models)
• Section 7: Research networks, mainly in the UK, but also European networks not covered by the EU Framework Research and Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 8: UK participation in energy-related EU Framework Research and Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 9: UK participation in wider international initiatives, including those supported by the International Energy Agency

This UKERC Research Landscape provides an overview of the competencies and publicly funded activities in oil and gas research, development and demonstration (RD&D) in the UK. It covers the main funding streams, research providers, infrastructure, networks and UK participation in international activities.

UKERC ENERGY RESEARCH LANDSCAPE: OIL AND GAS

• Section 1: An overview which includes a broad characterisation of research activity in the sector and the key research challenges
• Section 2: An assessment of UK capabilities in relation to wider international activities, in the context of market potential
• Section 3: Major funding streams and providers of basic research along with a brief commentary
• Section 4: Major funding streams and providers of applied research along with a brief commentary
• Section 5: Major funding streams for demonstration activity along with major projects and a brief commentary
• Section 6: Research infrastructure and other major research assets (e.g. databases, models)
• Section 7: Research networks, mainly in the UK, but also European networks not covered by the EU Framework Research and Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 8: UK participation in energy-related EU Framework Research and Technology Development (RTD) Programmes
• Section 9: UK participation in wider international initiatives, including those supported by the International Energy Agency

In May 2014, the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC) was awarded 14 million from EPSRC, ESRC and NERC for a third five year phase of research and engagement activities (2014-19). This new phase will build on UKERCs first two phases (2004- 2014). As was the case for UKERC phase 2, the new phase of UKERC includes a flexible research fund that will be allocated through a series of open research calls, overseen by an independent Research Committee. Around 4 million will be available for the flexible research fund during UKERC phase 3.

The flexible research fund has a number of objectives, including:

• To bring a wider range of researchers and disciplines into UKERCs research programme, including researchers from outside the energy community;
• To build collaborations between the UKERC research community and other research communities including other energy researchers, groups and centres;
• To allow the research programme to develop flexibility in the light of new scientific insights or external developments (e.g. in energy policy);
• To fill gaps in the UKERC research programme and/or the wider Research Councils Energy Programme; and
• To scope and develop new research agendas in partnership with funders, the research community and other stakeholders.

On 30 June 2014, an initial Town Hall Meeting was held at the UCL Institute for Sustainable Resources in London, to discuss potential priorities for flexible funding.

The UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC) is in its fourth five-year phase of research and engagement activities, which will run until April 2024. In addition to the core programme of research, a number of mechanisms have been put in place to ensure that participation in UKERC is broad, flexible and addresses the needs of the wider UK research community.

A Flexible Fund of around £3m (valued at 80% FEC) has been set up in order to commission new research and facilitate the integration of the existing programme. The Fund is overseen by UKERC’s independent Research Committee. The key aims of the Fund are:

• To allow the research programme to develop flexibly in the light of new scientific insights or external developments, e.g. in energy policy;
• To bring a wider range of researchers and disciplines into UKERC’s research programme, including researchers from outside the ‘traditional’ energy community;
• To promote integration in the UKERC research programme, and to fill gaps where needed;
• To build collaborations between the UKERC research community and other research communities – including other energy researchers, groups and centres; and
• To scope and develop new research agendas in partnership with funders, the research community and other stakeholders.

This report presents the outputs of two key consultation activities on potential Flexible Fund topics :

• Section 2 of this report sets out the outcomes of a workshop held on the 12th February with attendees from across the UK research community. This presents the research areas and ideas that were the most popular in the voting exercise, the key issues that were discussed in each of the breakouts and a record of the full list of ideas in each breakout group, as well as the outcomes of the voting exercise.
• Section 3 presents the results of an online survey.

On the 3rd of October 2016 a workshop was held at Imperial College in London in order to identify potential priority topics for the third round of funding. The interim outcomes of the scoping paper on non-energy policies were presented during the workshop. The attendees were then split into three groups where they had the opportunity to suggest potential topics for the third round of funding. This included specific discussion of potential research on the impact of non-energy policies. The participants also discussed the potential for funding smaller projects of up to 50k with the specific aim of building new collaborations. Towards the end of the day the participants undertook a prioritisation exercise to determine which potential topics they would prefer to see funded.

This report outlines the discussions that took place during the workshop and the outcomes of the voting ex

Two workshops brought together around 40 experts including policy makers and advisors, scientists, businesses and civil society organisations to provide a neutral forum, under Chatham House rules, for full and frank dialogue to discuss measures for maximising the sustainability marine energy arrays within the UK government target timescales. The first workshop, Marine Planning for Arrays: Social, economic and environmental issues and implications, examined the social, economic and environmental impacts and cumulative impacts relating to siting and deployment of arrays and how to integrate the assessment and management of these using a holistic approach that considers the entire marine and coastal system. The second workshop, Marine spatial planning for the deployment of arrays, examined the marine planning policy context, simplification of consenting, locational criteria and models under development to aid decision-making.

Two workshops brought together around 40 experts including policy makers and advisors, scientists, businesses and civil society organisations to provide a neutral forum, under Chatham House rules, for full and frank dialogue to discuss measures for maximising the sustainability marine energy arrays within the UK government target timescales. The first workshop, “Marine Planning for Arrays: Social, economic and environmental issues and implications”, examined the social, economic and environmental impacts and cumulative impacts relating to siting and deployment of arrays and how to integrate the assessment and management of these using a holistic approach that considers the entire marine and coastal system. The second workshop, “Marine spatial planning for the deployment of arrays”, examined the marine planning policy context, simplification of consenting, locational criteria and models under development to aid decision-making.

This note summarises the output from the UKERC/SDC “Unlocking Energy Services” seminar held in November 2005. The presentations made at the seminar can be downloaded from the UKERC website. The briefing note prepared prior to the seminar is attached at Annex A. An update note on the G* and EU context for energy services is attached at Annex B. There is a significant market in the EU and the EU Energy End-Use and Energy Services Directive was adopted in December 2005. Its objective is to enhance the cost-effective improvement of energy end-use efficiency in member states.

This executive summary describes work on the project AFM248Br, which involved CCFRA and Bristol University as a research consortium and the collaboration of Shipston Mill, Kerry Aptunion, Kraft Europe, Kellogg's UK, Warburtons, Unilever, RHM Culinary Brands, Greencore, Weetabix and Glaxo Smith Kline Nutritionals.

AFM248Br was a one year Bridge-LINK project that finished in October 2007. The project identified sources of waste thermal energy from food processes that could be recovered to produce mechanical power using Stirling engine technology. In the context of the project 'waste thermal energy' implied any source of heat released from a process that was rejected to the environment. Flue gases from combustion processes, hot air from baking ovens, steam or steam condensate from cooking operations were a few examples found in the food industry.

The project proposed the assessment of Stirling engine technology to achieve this purpose. Stirling engines are external combustion heat engines, with several advantages that make them suitable for waste heat streams (no contact between heat source and moving parts, scalable to application, low maintenance). They have high theoretical efficiencies and have been developed for several applications (micro CHP systems, biomass and solar powered), although they have not reached yet full commercial development except for very specific niche applications.

Ten different food factories were visited to gather information on waste energy streams released from processing operations. The nature of manufacturing operations studied was varied because the companies chosen for collaboration in the study belonged to different food sub-sectors. These included bread and cereal manufacturing, wheat processing, fruit processing, production of coffee, elaborated and prepared foods and soft drinks.

The project showed that although a significant amount of energy was lost through food manufacturing operations, the range of temperatures at which it was released (typically in the range between 30 and 200°C maximum) did not allow for an efficient and cost effective transformation into mechanical power. It concluded that exploitation of this potential was constrained by the lack of suitable technology. Attractive alternatives to the Stirling are now emerging: for example rotary scroll compressors for refrigeration and automotive air-conditioning. Together with new methods of manufacturing compact heat exchangers and reactors (direct laser deposition, DLD), these could form the basis of a new rotary heat engine using a recuperated rotary Ericsson cycle. This "scroll" engine will have the same theoretical efficiency as the Stirling, but will achieve a higher proportion of it in practice, at commercially acceptable costs. A research proposal on this concept was submitted to Defra following the finalisation of this project.

However, another potential application for heat engines within food processing facilities was identified. This comprised the concept of utilising high grade primary energy (from gas burning) to run a Stirling engine and produce electricity, and then use the remaining thermal energy to run the food process (e.g. baking oven).

The issues relating to climate change have risen dramatically to the top of the political agenda, and the importance of transport in contributing to reducing levels of CO₂ is clearly evident: yet the problem remains that traffic levels continue to rise. All the projections suggest that significantly reducing emissions from current levels is likely to be very difficult. As urban and transport planners, policy makers and the public, we need to start to think very differently about tackling the global emissions problem.

The VIBAT project (Visioning and Backcasting for UK Transport Policy) has examined the possibility of reducing transport CO₂ emissions by 60 per cent by 2030. It has examined a range of policy measures (i.e. pricing, regulation and technological), and assessed how they can be effectively combined to achieve this level of CO₂ emissions reduction. The intention has been to assess whether such an ambitious target is feasible, to identify the main problems, and to comment on the main decision points. The study is based on the innovative research technique of backcasting, which has been used for the first time in the transport planning field in the UK.

This executive summary is mainly targeted at policy recommendations. Those interested in more details of the research carried out during the DfT Horizons Research Project 2004/05 should refer to the three extended working papers and presentations produced during the research (September 2004 - November 2005) and to a sister document on methodological issues.

1. To test the visioning and backcasting methodologies as a means to assess challenging new environmental targets for UK transport policy - this is the methodological objective;
2. To produce a set of images of the future that represent different alternative visions for the year 2030, and to determine alternative policy packages that it would be necessary to introduce to achieve these images, together with the policy paths that highlight when change has to take place - this is the policy objective.

The VIBAT project has demonstrated through the use of a sound and innovative methodology that the targets set are achievable provided that there is not a substantial increase in travel between 2000 and 2030.

The old debate in terms of relying on technological improvements to help maintain our current CO₂ intensive lifestyles seems to be obsolete. We need a renewed emphasis over a very wide range of fields. Multi-disciplinary thinking is critical.

1. Towards a 60% reduction in transport emissions
2. Visioning the backcasting for the future
3. The VIBAT baseline and projections
4. The VIBAT images of the future
5. Policy packages
6. Package clustering and policy pathways
7. The way forward for policy makers

This technical workshop was convened to stimulate ideas for making energy research and innovation more effective and to encourage closer working relationships.

Existing cooperation to advance clean coal technologies and carbon capture and sequestration (e.g. Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum), hydrogen and fuel cell technologies, (e.g. International Partnership for the Hydrogen Economy), renewable energy and energy efficiency (e.g. REEEP, REN 21, MEDREP) and nuclear energy (e.g. GEN IV Global International Forum and International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) is established and operational. The existing partnerships include some key developing countries and complement the broad spectrum of energy technologies being progressed by the International Energy Agency (IEA).

The workshop participants from G8 countries recognised the pressing need to meet growing global energy demand whilst addressing the challenges of energy security, air pollution and climate change. Developing country participants highlighted the importance of poverty alleviation, economic development and the need for solutions amenable to their needs.

The participants found the workshop valuable, particularly with respect to the sharing of information. However, given the appetite for information exchange and the time limitations, participants were not able to produce specific action oriented proposals.

The workshop participants made the following observations and recommendations with respect to energy research and innovation, to be put forward for consideration by the Governments of the participating countries.

This workshop brought together researchers working within the International Energy Agency’s ETSAP network of MARKAL model users, together with a broad range of practitioners from the UK energy modelling community.

This opportunity for the two modelling communities to learn from each other’s work was enabled by the UK hosting the regular ETSAP semi-annual meeting which discussed modelling issues related to the MARKAL / TIMES family of energy models on subsequent days. One of the purposes of the UKERC Meeting Place is to develop networking and collaboration between UK energy researchers and also with the wider network of international energy practitioners.

The costs and characteristics of future energy technologies and how quickly they penetrate markets is a fundamental driver in the evolution of energy systems. Future technology cost is critical in assessing the costs of energy policies, ranging from economic competitiveness, environmental protection and emission mitigation, security of supply and equitable access to energy services. In response, a major ongoing effort by the energy modelling community has sought to better understand and incorporate this key driver of technological change into their energy models.

The scope of the workshop was to:

• highlight the approaches in a range of energy models to determining the future costs of existing technologies and the introduction of currently pre-commercial energy technologies;
• stimulate discussion on conflicting and complementary approaches to characterizing future energy technologies.

• Innovation opportunities exist in fuel cell system designs and production methods
• Innovations are also being pursued in hydrogen storage to enable use in large, long-range vehicles
• Opportunities to reduce fuel consumption by up to 35% through improved vehicle design (unrelated to engine) have been explored for trucks in the US
• Further design and demonstration work should be carried out on zero emission trucks, particularly on larger, long-range configurations