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| Reference Number | NIA2_NGET0074 | |
| Title | CODA: Coordinated design and control of multi-infeed HVDC integrated power systems | |
| Status | Started | |
| Energy Categories | Renewable Energy Sources (Wind Energy) 30%; Other Power and Storage Technologies (Electricity transmission and distribution) 70%; |
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| Research Types | Applied Research and Development 100% | |
| Science and Technology Fields | ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (Electrical and Electronic Engineering) 100% | |
| UKERC Cross Cutting Characterisation | Not Cross-cutting 100% | |
| Principal Investigator |
Project Contact National Grid Electricity Transmission |
|
| Award Type | Network Innovation Allowance | |
| Funding Source | Ofgem | |
| Start Date | 01 June 2025 | |
| End Date | 31 March 2027 | |
| Duration | ENA months | |
| Total Grant Value | £570,000 | |
| Industrial Sectors | Power | |
| Region | London | |
| Programme | Network Innovation Allowance | |
| Investigators | Principal Investigator | Project Contact , National Grid Electricity Transmission |
| Web Site | https://smarter.energynetworks.org/projects/NIA2_NGET0074 |
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| Objectives | To ensure the regional grid's support capabilities and derisk the future networks that incorporate multi-infeed HVDC systems, this project will explore a coordinated approach to the design and control of these integrated power systems. Coordinated design in the planning stage aims to minimise the physical limitations of multi-infeed HVDCs on grid-support capabilities by optimising the adoption of different HVDC technologies, control modes, power ratings, and entry point locations. An evaluation of voltage strength and frequency inertia requirements at given entry points will be developed. The grid-support capabilities of different HVDC technologies, power ratings, and control modes will be investigated. A specification and recommendation for coordinated design will be provided based on the analysis of grid conditions and HVDC capabilities.The coordinated control will explore the maximum effectiveness of multi-infeed HVDCs on grid-support capabilities by optimising the dynamics of converters from different entry points. Both centralised and decentralised control strategies will be developed and compared in terms of voltage and frequency support. A control approach to coordinate the dynamics of various HVDC technologies and control modes will be proposed. Various voltage and frequency impacts due to different entry points will be considered in the coordinated control. Furthermore, the project will investigate the reactive current injection requirements of such integrated power systems during both fault and recovery periods to ensure voltage retention and recovery in future networks.The eastern GB power system including HVDCs will be modelled in PSCAD/EMTDC. A Power Hardware in the Loop (PHIL) test will be conducted, integrating one real converter with the simulated power system.Data Quality Statement (DQS):The project will be delivered under the NIA framework in line with OFGEM, ENA and NGGT / NGET internal policy. Data produced as part of this project will be subject to quality assurance to ensure that the information produced with each deliverable is accurate to the best of our knowledge and sources of information are appropriately documented. All deliverables and project outputs will be stored on our internal sharepoint platform ensuring access control, backup and version management. Relevant project documentation and reports will also be made available on the ENA Smarter Networks Portal and dissemination material will be shared with the relevant stakeholders.Measurement Quality Statement (MQS):The methodology used in this project will be subject to the suppliers own quality assurance regime. Quality assurance processes and the source of data, measurement processes and equipment as well as data processing will be clearly documented and verifiable. The measurements, designs and economic assessments will also be clearly documented in the relevant deliverables and final project report and will be made available for review.Risk Assessment: TRL Change (risk score) = 2Cost = 2Supplier = 1Data = 1Total risk score = 6 Low (L) The scope of the work will include following tasks:Task 1: Review and evaluate the voltage and frequency support capabilities of HVDC technologies for offshore wind integration.Review the operational characteristics of point-to-point HVDC and multi-terminal HVDC, and analyse how these characteristics apply to grid-support capabilities;Review the control characteristic of grid-following and grid-forming VSC, and analysehow these characteristics apply to grid-support capabilities;Review the generation uncertainties of offshore wind generation and analyse how these uncertainties impact grid-support capabilities.Deliverable 1: A review and assessment report on the characteristics of HVDC technologies for active power and reactive power injection, short-circuit current injection, and inertia provision in the context of offshore wind energy collection.Task 2: EMT modelling of multi-infeed HVDC integrated power system.Modelling multi-infeed HVDC systems with multiple HVDC links and multi-terminal HVDCs, based on the Holistic Network Design;Modelling the offshore wind collection system with aggregated models of wind turbines to emulate the power dynamics of offshore wind, and maintain power electronic and mechanical dynamics;Modelling the onshore AC power system, including the 400 kV and 275 kV transmission systems, and large power plants to represent the mechanical dynamics.Deliverable 2:A PSCAD power system model of the investigated eastern region, including on-shore AC power system, offshore multi-infeed HVDC and HVAC transmission system, and offshore wind collection system. Task 3: Analyse the requirements of short-circuit current in power systems for voltage support and recovery.Analyse the mechanisms of short-circuit current supporting the system voltage;Identify the effectiveness of levels and duration of short-circuit current in maintaining voltage security;Specify the requirements for short-circuit current to ensure voltage security and recovery in power systems, taking into account both the current power system and the anticipated changes resulting from the extensive integration of offshore wind energy targeted in the UK.To identify the reactive current injection requirements from system point of view during the fault and recovery time.To identify the mechanism that the above-mentioned fault current to be provided by different technologies. Deliverable 3:A report on an understanding of the impact of short-circuit current on system voltage dynamics, along with recommendations for system requirements regarding the levels and duration of short-circuit current to ensure voltage security and recovery.Task 4: Develop a coordinated design for multi-infeed HVDC systems, including short-circuit levels, ratings, and control modes, to enhance grid support capabilities.Specify the grid-support capabilities for voltage and frequency of HVDC systems, including short-circuit levels, power ratings, various converter configurations, and control modes;Specify the characteristics of short-circuit current injection from multiple converters and compare them to synchronous generators. Further, study the characteristics of short-circuit current distribution among AC network circuits resulting from various total converter capacities in the region, different converter configurations, converter control modes, and AC network operating conditions;Evaluate the impact of HVDC characteristics on power systems, including voltage strength, inertia, the impact of short-circuit current injection on voltage security, and the impact of short-circuit current distribution on AC network overcurrent capacity;Develop the coordinated design that considers the grid requirements of the entire multi-infeed HVDC system as a whole to enhance the performance of power-electronic grid-support capabilities in a given region, including the design of converters, locations, control modes, and power ratings;Evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the coordinated design by comparing it to the individual design of HVDCs.Deliverable 4: A report on an understanding of the system characteristics altered by multi-infeed HVDCs, including voltage strength, inertia, the impact of short-circuit current injection on voltage security, and the impact of short-circuit current distribution on AC network overcurrent capacity; the specifications and recommendations for the coordinated design of multi-infeed HVDC-integrated power systems, ensuring balanced regional grid support and the mitigation of control interactions.Task 5: Develop a coordinated control for multi-infeed HVDC systems, incorporating control dynamics and the impacts of multiple entry points, to enhance voltage and frequency support performance.Specify the dynamics of various HVDC technologies and control modes, and analyse the impacts of different entry points on grid-support capabilities;Develop coordinated control for the multi-infeed HVDC system using centralised and decentralised strategies. Identify the pros and cons of each strategy and make a final recommendation for offshore applications. Develop clear indications for the system operator to coordinate HVDC operations as planned;Incorporate different entry points in the coordinated control to maximise grid-support capabilities by improving voltage and frequency response, increasing the short-circuit level, and maintaining the minimum ROCOF;Research on coordinated control focuses on the system's ability to support voltage and frequency during power system faults and recovery from those faults;A comparative study between typical synchronous generators and multi-infeed HVDCs will be performed to demonstrate the differences and characteristics of grid-support capabilities.Deliverable 5:A report on the specifications and recommendations for the coordinated control of multi-infeed HVDC-integrated power systems for voltage and frequency support.A report on the assessment of multi-infeed HVDC coordination in a given region, focusing on improvements in voltage and frequency response, inertia, and short-circuit levels.Task 6: Conduct a power hardware-in-the-loop case study in the lab.The coordinated design and control will be tested in the GB system model for the eastern region;A power hardware-in-the-loop setup, including RTDS simulation and a hardware converter, will be used to test the performance of the coordination.Deliverable 6:A final project report on the overall performance evaluation of multi-infeed HVDC coordination in the integrated power system of the eastern region, including lab test results.Disseminate key results and learnings via workshops, conference and/or journals. Coordinated design and control will be investigated to maximise offshore wind power accommodation and enhance grid-support capabilities from multi-infeed HVDC systems. The objectives of the project are as follows:The regional voltage and frequency response characteristics of reactive and active power will be specified. Additionally, the fault response characteristics, including short-circuit current and the rate of change of frequency (ROCOF) in coordinated current control, will be defined.The dynamics of different converters and the impacts of various entry points on regional grid-support performance will be analysed and specified.A coordinated design of converter power ratings and control modes will be developed for the planning stage to ensure adequate current injection in the close region and mitigate or avoid control interactions.A coordinated control strategy will be developed to maximise regional voltage and frequency support, enhance renewable energy integration, and ensure voltage retention and recovery in the region.Risks associated with complex coordinated control within power systems will be identified, and corresponding mitigation measures will be investigated and recommended. | |
| Abstract | For the integration of offshore wind in the eastern region, a multi-infeed HVDC power system will be formed. However, the geographical proximity poses a risk of converter interactions, potentially diminishing or even worsening regional grid support performance. This project aims to develop a coordinated design and control strategy for the multi-infeed HVDC power system to prevent converter interactions and enhance regional voltage and frequency support. It is anticipated that this coordination will improve voltage retention and recovery, mitigate voltage and frequency variations, and reduce the likelihood of cascading instability events. | |
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| Added to Database | 24/04/26 | |
