Author(s): Smith, W., Pidgeon, N., Demski, C. and Becker, S.
This report presents findings from a survey of over 2,000 respondents regarding their views on the future of low-carbon heating, with a focus on heat pumps, district heating and hydrogen. Participants were asked about their awareness of, and support for different technologies, trust in institutional actors, and views on different policy options.
Author(s): Bays, J., Nduka, E., Jimoh, M., Liu, L., Silva, N., Liu, X., Bharucha, Z., Khalid, R., Caprotti, F., Bobbins, K., Pailman, W., Bookbinder, R., Garret, J. and Gul, M.
In this report we provide a brief overview of the UKERC Whole Systems Networking Fund, before providing summaries from each of the projects awarded during the programme
The transition to sustainable travel within large organisations presents a unique set of challenges and opportunities. Within this, the management of staff travel, particularly parking policies, emerges as a focal area for sustainability intervention. Based on a placement with Englands National Health Service (NHS) Net Zero Travel and Transport team, this Energy SHINES policy brief explores the implications of adopting fair and sustainable travel policies, focusing on the management of staff parking, in line with the requirement to reduce private car use to meet emission goals.
The brief discusses the contextual nuances of staff travel choices and the potential of policy interventions to encourage sustainable travel modes. Through a detailed review of NHS parking policies and broader academic literature on transport practices. It underscores the need to develop comprehensive travel plans that prioritise sustainable transportation using the avoid-shift-improve hierarchy, along with the implementation of pull and push measures for alternative commuting methods. It further recommends adopting a whole-systems, justice-based approach that promotes efficient urban planning and sustainable mobility practices, and advocates for meaningful engagement of staff in the policy-making process.
The shift towards a circular economy is vital for reducing household waste and achieving net zero goals. Based on a placement with a county council in England, this policy brief examines the role of local governance in promoting waste minimisation using a practice theory approach. By drawing on waste data from the county council, external and internal stakeholder interviews and academic literature, it explores the transition towards a circular economy by providing insights on the challenges faced by local governance in promoting waste minimisation.
The brief highlights innovative practices in prevention, repair, and recycling that can transform waste management systems, while acknowledging their interconnected complexities across practices. It underscores the need for local authorities to take a whole-system and cross-sectoral approach, empowering them with resources and policy frameworks that incentivise circular practices among households, fostering community engagement in waste reduction initiatives, and integrating circular economy principles into local governance strategies. It also highlights the need for further research into innovate food waste prevention strategies, recycling diversities and peer-to-peer sharing that have the potential to reduce food waste significantly.
Modern Methods of construction (MMC) offer a promising avenue towards sustainable housing development that have the potential for positive environmental and social impact. Addressing the current challenges faced by the UK construction industry, this policy brief assesses the potential of MMC in enhancing construction efficiency and sustainability. Based on an extensive literature review as part of a placement at the RIBA, it demonstrates that by emphasising prefabrication and off-site construction, MMC has the potential to significantly reduce waste, lower greenhouse gas emissions, lower costs and improve the quality and energy efficiency of buildings.
Despite these benefits, barriers such as regulatory gaps, cultural inertia within the construction sector, and lack of consumer awareness hinder MMCs widespread adoption. In light of current challenges, the study underscores the importance of developing standardised emission measurement methodologies, promoting industry-wide knowledge sharing, and policy support to foster the adoption of MMC, aligning construction practices with net zero objectives. It also emphasises the importance of holistic methodologies and integrated interdisciplinary research and development practices for green building and sustainable net-zero targets.
Author(s): Daniel_Watanabe, L., Moore, R. and Tongue, B.
Digital healthcare technologies (DHTs) have the potential to both reduce and increase the carbon footprint of healthcare systems. As healthcare rapidly digitises, leveraging technologies from electronic records to AI, it faces the challenge of balancing the environmental costs of digitalisation against the benefits of reduced emissions from traditional healthcare activities.
This policy brief explores the dual nature of DHTs in contributing to and mitigating healthcares carbon footprint. Focusing on Englands National Health Service (NHS), the study delves into how the adoption of digital technologies could either reduce or exacerbate the healthcare sectors carbon footprint, raising critical questions for the NHSs digital transformation efforts.
The analysis reveals that while DHTs offer avenues for reducing emissionssuch as telehealth reducing the need for patient and clinician travelthey also entail significant environmental costs through the manufacturing and operation of digital infrastructure. The study underscores the necessity of developing an open and shared database of carbon factors for healthcare systems, standardising methodologies for calculating carbon impact, and undertaking both pre-implementation estimations and post-implementation realisations to better manage DHTs carbon footprint.
The transition to a net-zero society requires novel regulatory and policy approaches acknowledging the socio-cultural shifts accompanying climate change adaptations. Whether its building a new home or the evolving relationships and interactions between people and products, effective policymaking needs to systematically and intrinsically account for such transitions and ensure that they are aligned with net-zero targets. This policy brief delves into the employment of social science theories such as Reflexive Governance, Actor Network Theory, and Ecologies of Participation to understand these transitions.
Emerging from a placement at the Office for Product Safety and Standards, UK, the study underscores the importance of reflexive, flexible, inclusive and interactive policymaking that integrates public engagement and considers the intricate relationships between social, technological, and natural actors. It underscores the need for an adaptive governance framework that is receptive to the dynamic interplay of societal needs, technological advancements, and environmental imperatives, together with the significant role of public participation in facilitating a cohesive approach to achieving net zero goals.
The escalating demand for water places additional strains on energy required for its provision and treatment, encompassing abstraction, purification, pumping, distribution, and wastewater management. This policy brief explores the critical role of water services in the UKs energy consumption and carbon emissions, highlighting the importance of integrated water-energy conservation strategies. It underscores the need for innovative strategies to enhance water efficiency and reduce energy demand across water supply and treatment processes.
Through a case-study of Yorkshire water, staff interviews, examination of its current practices and insights from academic literature, the brief identifies opportunities for reducing energy use in water management. It underscores the need to enhance public awareness of water-energy interdependencies, emphasising shared responsibility for environmental stewardship, and fostering cross-sector collaboration and integrated strategies to achieve water conservation and energy savings. It demonstrates that by addressing these areas, the UK can make significant strides toward its net zero targets while ensuring sustainable water management.
Author(s): Maximov, S.,Rickman, J., Gross, R. and Ameli, N.
This briefing summarises findings on how different UK policy instruments to promote the growth of renewable generation have influenced financiers and changed the nature of finance in the UK offshore wind market.
Author(s): Turner, K., Katris, A., Calvillo., Stewart, J. and Zhou, L.
This briefing paper, the first in a series of three, considers the challenge of realising the potential household energy bill savings associated with switching to more energy efficient heat pumps posed by the high price of electricity relative to gas.
Author(s): Chilvers, J., Stephanides, P., Pallet, H. and Hargreaves, T.
This briefing paper, presents the key findings of a mapping of public engagement with energy, climate change, and net zero occurring in the UK between 2015 2022.
This report explores how the Observatorys approach might influence the design, delivery and evaluation of deliberative processes, with a focus a citizens panel on home energy decarbonisation.
Decarbonising home heating is one of the biggest challenges involved in achieving net zero in the UK. After several years of exploring options and gathering evidence, heat decarbonisation in the UK is now entering a mass deployment phase, with very significant economic implications for governments, businesses, and households.
This systematic review presents data on the total installed costs for domestic heat pumps in the UK and internationally. It covers historic and forecast costs, across a range of technology types and building contexts.
Author(s): Blyth, W., Gross, R., Jansen, M., Rickman, J., MacIver, C. and Bell, K.
This paper explores how uncertainty around the structure of a future decarbonised energy system introduces risk, which can significantly increase the cost of reaching net zero. It specifically looks at the financial case for offshore wind.
This working paper is an update to our November 2021 briefing paper: Risk and investment in zero-carbon electricity markets.
Author(s): Pidgeon, N., Gross, R., Bell, K., Bradshaw, M., Chaudry, M., Hanna, R., Qadrdan, M., Lockwood, M., Webb, J. and Wu, J.
This consultation response was a joint submission by the Understanding Risk Research Group at Cardiff University and the UK Energy Research Centre.
It was submitted to in response to the Welsh Government call for evidence to inform the development of Wales decarbonisation pathway to Net Zero, whilst also providing an initial step towards potentially developing a Just Transition Framework for Wales.
We welcome the opportunity to respond to this consultation and commend Ofgem for bringing forward a consultation on the pressing topic of local energy governance reforms. However, we would like to note that there has been some difficulty in replying to the questions on regional system planning due to the high-level nature of the current proposals. The lack of clarity about the role and remit of the Regional System Planner (RSP) provides scope for multiple interpretations of the proposals, particularly in relation to how the RSP role would develop holistic, cross vector regional plans. It is unclear if this would be through regional optimisation of existing planning processes (gas and electricity Distribution Future Energy Scenarios and Network Development Plans); or if the RSP would seek to carry out its own analysis, in which case the networks could expect to have a much reduced planning role as investment decisions would be informed by regional plans. Both of these options would need changes to the regulatory frameworks for the distribution companies, so we welcome the accompanying consultation on Future Systems and Network Regulation.
Author(s): Bell, K., Bridge, G., Britton, J., Cooper, S., Gailani, A., Gross, R., Hanna, R., Munoz, C.C., Poulter, H., Rattle, I., Sugar, K., Turner, K., Webb, J. and Whitmee, S.
Read the UKERC response to the Scottish Government: Draft Energy Strategy and Just Transition Plan consultation
This work offers a perspective on the potential future of district heating and cooling networks, by examining their evolution, discussing the advantages and disadvantages of emerging 4GDH technologies and exploring the impact of potential regulatory, policy, business and societal changes on their deployment.
Author(s): Gross, R., Bradshaw, M., Bell, K .and Webb, J.
Read our response to the Department of Energy Strategy and Net Zero consultation on the Strategy and Policy Statement for energy policy in Great Britain
We welcome the re-assertion of key policy objectives and the commitment to a whole system approach described in the strategy. In our response we highlight a number of key areas that need to be addressed including the need for geographical specificity, and a hierarchy of objectives along with the introduction of low and stable prices as one of these objectives.
The UK is not on track to deliver climate and energy objectives at the pace required. This paper focuses on private investment and set out to review the mechanics of how the government secures a transparent, investment grade delivery plan and crucially gets an early warning on barriers if investment is not occurring.
Author(s): Giulietti. M, Burlinson. A and Davillas. A
This working paper explores how socioeconomic inequality impacts the uptake of low carbon technologies. Using longitudinal UK household data to interrogate the adoption of solar panels for electricity, solar heating technology and electric/hybrid-electric vehicle ownership, it finds inequalities in uptake with parental occupation and education, and education levels exerting the biggest influence.
Author(s): Britton, J., Webb, J., Hawker, G., Broad, O. and Chaudry,. M.
This summary provides an overview of discussions and key themes arising from a modelling workshop focused on local energy system modelling and scenario tools.
Customer engagement processes introduced in energy network regulation in Britain have incentivised networks to think beyond economic efficiency. To this end, the regulator introduced a new incentive: the Consumer Value Proposition (CVP), allowing companies to use a monetised metric to gain a financial reward should their investments show additional social and environmental value for customers. Through a case study of the RIIO2 natural gas distribution price-control process, we construct a narrative history of the design and assessment of the CVP initiative. We discuss the challenges of implementing such an approach in practice and embedding it in the regulatory model.
Author(s): Cairns, I., Hannon, M., BraunholtzSpeight, T., McLachlan, C., Mander, S., Hardy, J., Sharming, M and Manderson, E
This paper explores how finance can better support the diffusion of Grassroots Innovations (GIs), community-led solutions for net-zero transitions. We examine the case of UK community energy (CE), across three ‘diffusion pathways’: niche replication (growth in the number of projects), individual scaling (growth in an organisation's scale) and collective diffusion (a confederation of GIs). We investigate each pathway through analysis of a nationwide survey, interviews and four case studies. We find that while finance currently supports replication of small-scale CE projects, the incompatibility between GIs and the wider finance meta-regime inhibits individual scaling. The UK CE sector has responded with collective diffusion, via business group intermediaries; attracting greater but still insufficient finance. Consequently, for GIs to diffuse effectively, they must be supported to translate across both sectoral regimes (e.g. energy) and broader meta-regimes (e.g. finance). This paper contributes to theory on the role of finance in sociotechnical transitions and the role of intermediaries in GI diffusion.
A CREDS/UKERC Data Sharing Workshop held in October 2023 gathered system stakeholders together to discuss how to improve data sharing in the energy research community.
This workshop was a joint event organised by CREDS and UKERC
Sarah Higginson, Catherine Jones, Kate Kwok, Marina Topouzi, Mike Fell, Gesche Huebner and facilitated by Mike Colechin
Sharing energy research data is good practice for responsible research and many funders now require it as a condition to receive grant funding. However, it is still often seen as a burden and many projects fail to fully deliver on FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable) data sharing commitments. This workshop will bring together key stakeholders in the whole research lifecycle to develop recommendations to improve the level and quality of data sharing within the energy community.
This briefing note brings together the current state of policy and activities that CREDS and UKERC have undertaken to support data sharing.
Author(s): Taylor, P., Bays, J., Bradshaw, M., Webb, J., Britton, J., Bolton, R., Chaudry, M., Qadrdan, M., Wu, J., Anable, J., Brand, C., Rattle, I., Gailani, A., Bell K., Halliday, C., Shepherd, A., Watson, S., Lovett, A. and Hastings, A.
In our annual Review of Energy Policy 2023, we highlight key areas of energy policy that a new government should address during their first 100 days in office.
Author(s): Nolden, C., Moya Mose, T., Sugar, K., Kommidi, A. and Fox, S.
This policy brief provides a short case study of Bristol City Leap as an example to showcase a novel finance and public procurement model for delivering citywide net zero across a local authority. Alongside Project LEO in Oxfordshire, and CommuniPower in the south-east of England, this is one of three case studies of the research project "Finance and Public Procurement for Net Zero."
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